2. Amazon Rainforest is a great carbon sinks, the replacement of Amazon jungles with savannah or forest would drastically accelerate global warming. But deforestation combined with intensified dry seasons leaves forests vulnerable to fire, producing more weather-altering deforestation.
3. Polar Sea Ice warming leads to dwindling Arctic sea ice and crumbling Antarctic ice sheets, and causing local temperatures to rise further. Though most of the ice will disappear during summer, much of it will re-freeze in the winter. Arctic sea ice loss is likely to be reversible if the climate were to become cooler again.
4. Bodélé Depression carries 700,000 tons of dust into the atmosphere annually from a 10,000 square mile Saharan plain covered by ancient lakebed sediments. It floats around the world, blocking sunlight and lowering temperatures in some regions, and causing rain and warming in others. Saharan dust influences Atlantic ecosystems, Caribbean coral reefs and the Amazon.
5. Gulf Stream (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation-AMOC) starts and follows the eastern contour of North America before flowing to northern Europe and western Africa. Sudden slowdowns in the circulation occurred/associated with large and abrupt changes in surface climate.
6. Seafloor Methane, around 700 trillion to 10,000 trillion tons of methane hydrate, could bubbling slowly into the atmosphere if the planet heats well enough raising planetary temperatures for almost 10,000 years.
7. Thermohaline Circulation supplies heat to the Polar Regions. Influences the rate of sea ice formation near the poles, which in turn affects other aspects of the climate system. Also called ocean's "conveyor belt". Links major surface and deep water currents in the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans.
For Further Read: https://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20561
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